1973 San Diego Padres
Baseball Player Won-Loss Records
Home
1973 San Diego Padres
*
Traditional Statistics and Splits (Retrosheet)
San Diego Padres -
Franchise Page
(Regular Season)
(
1973 National League
)
Positional Average
(Weighted Avg of Options): 0.500
(1-Year)
(9-Year)
(Long-Run)
Positional Averages for Pitchers
(Wgted Avg of Options): "0.500
"vs. Different Values for Starting vs. Relief Pitchers: (Empirical)
(Based on Pitchers who Do Both)
Basic Player Won-Lost Records
Position Players
(Sorted by pWORL)
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
pWORL
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
eWORL
Johnny Grubb
12.7
11.6
0.4
1.7
13.7
10.6
2.4
3.6
Dave W. Roberts
14.9
15.1
-0.7
0.7
15.7
14.3
0.9
2.3
Fred Kendall
12.9
13.9
-0.7
0.6
13.3
13.4
0.3
1.6
Gene Locklear
5.9
6.0
-0.4
0.2
5.8
6.0
-0.5
0.1
Bob J. Davis
0.1
0.2
-0.2
-0.1
0.1
0.2
-0.2
-0.1
Dave Winfield
4.3
4.6
-0.6
-0.2
4.5
4.4
-0.2
0.3
Don Mason
0.0
0.3
-0.2
-0.2
0.0
0.3
-0.2
-0.2
Ivan Murrell
5.7
6.2
-0.9
-0.3
5.9
6.0
-0.5
0.1
Dave Marshall
1.4
1.9
-0.6
-0.4
1.5
1.7
-0.3
-0.1
Nate Colbert
15.6
15.7
-2.0
-0.4
17.2
14.1
1.3
2.8
Pat Corrales
1.3
2.0
-0.7
-0.5
1.5
1.7
-0.2
-0.0
Dave 'Soup' Campbell
2.3
3.4
-1.0
-0.7
2.5
3.2
-0.8
-0.5
Jerry Morales
12.5
14.0
-2.3
-1.0
13.5
12.9
-0.1
1.2
Dwain Anderson
2.8
4.6
-1.6
-1.2
3.1
4.4
-1.0
-0.6
Enzo Hernandez
6.0
8.8
-2.1
-1.4
6.6
8.2
-1.0
-0.3
Rich Morales
6.6
9.0
-2.2
-1.5
6.8
8.7
-1.7
-0.9
Dave Hilton
5.6
7.7
-2.3
-1.6
6.1
7.3
-1.4
-0.7
Leron Lee
10.3
12.5
-3.1
-1.9
10.9
12.0
-1.9
-0.7
Derrel Thomas
10.5
14.7
-3.5
-2.3
11.5
13.7
-1.5
-0.3
Cito Gaston
15.4
18.3
-4.1
-2.4
16.4
17.3
-2.2
-0.5
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
SUB-TOTAL
146.8
170.4
-28.8
-12.9
156.7
160.5
-8.9
7.0
Basic Player Won-Lost Records
Pitchers
(Sorted by pWORL)
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
pWORL
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
eWORL
Vicente Romo
5.0
4.6
0.5
1.3
4.3
5.4
-0.9
-0.1
Randy Jones
7.4
8.1
-0.2
0.8
7.5
8.0
0.1
1.0
Mike Caldwell
8.5
9.7
-0.9
0.4
9.0
9.2
0.2
1.5
Bill Greif
11.9
13.8
-1.1
0.4
12.4
13.3
-0.1
1.5
Steve Arlin
12.3
14.4
-1.4
0.2
11.8
14.9
-2.4
-0.8
Rich Troedson
7.1
8.7
-1.1
-0.1
7.4
8.5
-0.6
0.4
Bob L. Miller
0.3
0.6
-0.3
-0.2
0.4
0.5
-0.1
-0.0
Frank Snook
0.3
0.6
-0.4
-0.3
0.4
0.5
-0.1
-0.0
Mike Corkins
6.3
8.3
-1.8
-0.7
6.7
7.9
-1.1
-0.0
Gary Ross
1.3
2.6
-1.3
-1.0
1.7
2.2
-0.6
-0.2
Fred Norman
3.7
5.8
-1.8
-1.2
4.4
5.1
-0.4
0.2
Clay Kirby
11.2
16.3
-4.4
-2.7
11.2
16.2
-4.3
-2.6
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
SUB-TOTAL
75.2
93.6
-14.1
-3.2
77.1
91.7
-10.4
0.6
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
pWORL
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
eWORL
TEAM TOTALS
222.0
264.0
-42.9
-16.1
233.8
252.2
-19.2
7.6
Basic Player Won-Lost Records
Position Players
(Sorted by pWORL)
Batting
Baserunning
Pitching
Fielding
Player
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
Johnny Grubb
8.4
6.9
0.549
0.9
0.7
0.559
0.0
0.0
0.000
4.3
3.1
0.576
Dave W. Roberts
10.8
9.4
0.535
0.8
0.8
0.495
0.0
0.0
0.000
4.1
4.1
0.500
Fred Kendall
10.9
10.8
0.502
0.6
0.9
0.420
0.0
0.0
0.000
1.8
1.7
0.516
Gene Locklear
3.8
3.7
0.506
0.6
0.6
0.507
0.0
0.0
0.000
1.5
1.7
0.461
Bob J. Davis
0.0
0.2
0.153
0.0
0.0
0.279
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.1
0.1
0.432
Dave Winfield
2.7
2.8
0.497
0.2
0.2
0.505
0.0
0.0
0.000
1.6
1.5
0.524
Don Mason
0.0
0.3
0.058
0.0
0.0
0.782
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.0
0.0
0.343
Ivan Murrell
4.4
4.4
0.497
0.3
0.2
0.635
0.0
0.0
0.000
1.2
1.4
0.462
Dave Marshall
1.2
1.1
0.518
0.1
0.3
0.280
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.2
0.4
0.364
Nate Colbert
13.0
10.4
0.555
1.4
1.5
0.490
0.0
0.0
0.000
2.7
2.3
0.538
Pat Corrales
1.1
1.3
0.461
0.1
0.1
0.498
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.3
0.3
0.491
Dave 'Soup' Campbell
1.5
2.3
0.392
0.1
0.1
0.504
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.8
0.8
0.516
Jerry Morales
8.6
8.1
0.515
0.9
0.9
0.508
0.0
0.0
0.000
4.0
3.9
0.510
Dwain Anderson
1.5
2.4
0.381
0.3
0.2
0.551
0.0
0.0
0.000
1.4
1.7
0.454
Enzo Hernandez
3.6
5.2
0.410
0.6
0.6
0.491
0.0
0.0
0.000
2.4
2.4
0.501
Rich Morales
3.3
5.1
0.392
0.3
0.4
0.392
0.0
0.0
0.000
3.3
3.1
0.517
Dave Hilton
3.7
4.6
0.444
0.3
0.4
0.475
0.0
0.0
0.000
2.1
2.2
0.488
Leron Lee
6.3
7.2
0.466
0.8
0.7
0.539
0.0
0.0
0.000
3.8
4.0
0.489
Derrel Thomas
6.3
8.4
0.430
1.1
0.6
0.630
0.0
0.0
0.000
4.1
4.7
0.469
Cito Gaston
10.5
10.8
0.492
0.9
1.0
0.489
0.0
0.0
0.000
5.0
5.4
0.479
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
SUB-TOTAL
101.5
105.4
0.491
10.5
10.2
0.506
0.0
0.0
0.000
44.8
44.8
0.500
Basic Player Won-Lost Records
Pitchers
(Sorted by pWORL)
Batting
Baserunning
Pitching
Fielding
Player
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
Vicente Romo
0.1
0.3
0.239
0.0
0.1
0.440
4.0
4.6
0.461
0.2
0.3
0.445
Randy Jones
0.3
0.8
0.295
0.0
0.0
0.430
7.0
6.9
0.504
0.2
0.2
0.486
Mike Caldwell
0.4
0.8
0.317
0.0
0.1
0.202
8.3
8.1
0.506
0.3
0.3
0.557
Bill Greif
0.5
1.5
0.263
0.1
0.1
0.446
11.7
11.5
0.503
0.2
0.2
0.483
Steve Arlin
1.0
1.3
0.430
0.1
0.1
0.507
10.8
13.1
0.452
0.2
0.2
0.454
Rich Troedson
0.5
1.1
0.319
0.0
0.0
0.461
6.6
7.2
0.477
0.3
0.1
0.686
Bob L. Miller
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.4
0.5
0.458
0.0
0.0
0.561
Frank Snook
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.0
0.0
0.000
0.4
0.5
0.442
0.0
0.0
0.804
Mike Corkins
0.6
0.5
0.558
0.0
0.0
0.677
6.0
7.3
0.452
0.0
0.1
0.343
Gary Ross
0.0
0.1
0.013
0.0
0.0
0.000
1.6
2.1
0.441
0.0
0.0
0.442
Fred Norman
0.3
0.5
0.407
0.0
0.0
0.551
4.1
4.5
0.476
0.1
0.1
0.512
Clay Kirby
0.5
1.4
0.275
0.0
0.0
0.447
10.9
14.0
0.438
0.2
0.3
0.358
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
------
SUB-TOTAL
4.3
8.2
0.341
0.3
0.4
0.461
71.7
80.3
0.472
1.8
1.9
0.488
Batting
Baserunning
Pitching
Fielding
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
eWins
eLoss
Win Pct.
TEAM TOTALS
105.8
113.6
0.482
10.8
10.6
0.505
71.7
80.3
0.472
46.6
46.6
0.500
eWin, eLoss, eWOPA by Position
Catcher
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Fred Kendall
13.2
13.2
0.3
Pat Corrales
1.5
1.6
-0.1
Bob J. Davis
0.1
0.2
-0.2
------
------
------
TOTAL
14.8
15.1
-0.0
First Base
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Nate Colbert
17.1
14.2
1.2
Ivan Murrell
2.5
2.2
0.0
Dave 'Soup' Campbell
0.1
0.1
-0.0
Dave Winfield
0.0
0.0
0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
19.6
16.4
1.2
Second Base
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Rich Morales
6.2
7.7
-1.5
Derrel Thomas
3.6
4.1
-0.5
Dave 'Soup' Campbell
2.3
2.8
-0.5
Dave Hilton
1.9
2.3
-0.4
Dave W. Roberts
0.8
1.1
-0.3
Don Mason
0.0
0.0
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
14.8
18.1
-3.1
Third Base
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Dave W. Roberts
14.8
13.0
1.2
Dave Hilton
4.2
5.0
-1.0
Dwain Anderson
0.5
0.6
-0.2
Dave 'Soup' Campbell
0.1
0.2
-0.1
Johnny Grubb
0.0
0.0
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
19.6
18.8
-0.0
Shortstop
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Derrel Thomas
7.8
9.4
-1.0
Enzo Hernandez
6.5
8.1
-1.0
Dwain Anderson
2.4
3.4
-0.8
Rich Morales
0.7
0.9
-0.1
------
------
------
TOTAL
17.5
21.9
-2.8
Left Field
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Leron Lee
8.7
9.6
-1.7
Gene Locklear
5.0
4.9
-0.4
Dave Winfield
3.8
3.9
-0.4
Jerry Morales
3.5
2.7
0.6
Ivan Murrell
0.3
0.6
-0.3
Cito Gaston
0.2
0.2
0.1
Johnny Grubb
0.0
0.0
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
21.5
22.0
-2.2
Center Field
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Johnny Grubb
13.2
10.4
2.1
Jerry Morales
6.0
6.5
-0.9
Ivan Murrell
2.1
1.8
0.2
Dave Winfield
0.2
0.2
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
21.4
18.9
1.4
Right Field
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Cito Gaston
15.8
16.8
-2.3
Jerry Morales
2.9
3.0
-0.3
Leron Lee
1.2
1.4
-0.3
Dave Marshall
1.0
1.2
-0.2
Ivan Murrell
0.5
0.5
-0.1
------
------
------
TOTAL
21.4
22.9
-3.2
Designated Hitter
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
------
------
------
TOTAL
0.0
0.0
0.0
Pinch Hitter
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Gene Locklear
0.8
1.2
-0.3
Leron Lee
1.0
0.8
0.2
Jerry Morales
1.3
0.5
0.8
Ivan Murrell
0.4
1.0
-0.5
Dave Marshall
0.5
0.6
-0.0
Dave Winfield
0.6
0.3
0.3
Cito Gaston
0.4
0.3
0.1
Johnny Grubb
0.4
0.1
0.3
Dwain Anderson
0.2
0.2
0.0
Fred Kendall
0.2
0.2
-0.0
Don Mason
0.0
0.3
-0.2
Dave W. Roberts
0.1
0.2
-0.0
Derrel Thomas
0.1
0.1
0.0
Pat Corrales
0.0
0.1
-0.1
Dave 'Soup' Campbell
0.0
0.1
-0.1
Enzo Hernandez
0.0
0.1
-0.1
Nate Colbert
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Rich Morales
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Mike Corkins
0.0
0.0
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
6.1
6.1
0.4
Pinch Runner
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Dwain Anderson
0.1
0.0
0.0
Johnny Grubb
0.0
0.1
-0.1
Ivan Murrell
0.1
0.0
0.0
Derrel Thomas
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Mike Caldwell
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Enzo Hernandez
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Don Mason
0.0
0.0
0.0
Clay Kirby
0.0
0.0
0.0
Jerry Morales
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Rich Morales
0.0
0.0
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
0.1
0.1
0.0
Pitcher Offense
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Steve Arlin
1.1
1.4
0.3
Bill Greif
0.6
1.5
-0.2
Clay Kirby
0.6
1.4
-0.2
Rich Troedson
0.5
1.1
-0.1
Randy Jones
0.4
0.9
-0.1
Mike Caldwell
0.4
0.8
-0.1
Mike Corkins
0.6
0.5
0.4
Fred Norman
0.3
0.5
0.1
Vicente Romo
0.1
0.4
-0.1
Gary Ross
0.0
0.1
-0.0
Bob L. Miller
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Frank Snook
0.0
0.0
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
4.6
8.6
-0.0
Starting Pitching
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Clay Kirby
10.8
14.0
-3.1
Bill Greif
11.6
11.7
0.0
Steve Arlin
10.8
12.4
-1.5
Randy Jones
7.3
7.0
0.3
Rich Troedson
6.0
6.4
-0.4
Mike Caldwell
5.0
4.8
0.2
Fred Norman
4.1
4.6
-0.5
Mike Corkins
2.9
4.2
-1.2
Vicente Romo
0.3
0.5
-0.2
------
------
------
TOTAL
58.7
65.6
-6.3
Relief Pitching
Player
eWins
eLosses
eWOPA
Vicente Romo
3.9
4.5
-0.7
Mike Caldwell
3.6
3.6
0.0
Mike Corkins
3.1
3.3
-0.2
Gary Ross
1.7
2.1
-0.5
Rich Troedson
0.9
1.0
-0.1
Steve Arlin
0.4
0.7
-0.4
Bob L. Miller
0.4
0.5
-0.1
Frank Snook
0.4
0.5
-0.1
Clay Kirby
0.3
0.3
-0.0
Bill Greif
0.2
0.1
0.1
Randy Jones
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Fred Norman
0.0
0.0
0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
14.8
16.5
-2.0
Team eWins over Positional Average by Position
P
C
1B
2B
3B
SS
LF
CF
RF
Oth
1973 San Diego Padres
-8.4
-0.0
1.2
-3.1
-0.0
-2.8
-2.2
1.4
-3.2
0.4
pWin, pLoss, pWOPA by Position
Catcher
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Fred Kendall
12.8
13.6
-0.6
Pat Corrales
1.2
1.9
-0.6
Bob J. Davis
0.1
0.2
-0.2
------
------
------
TOTAL
14.1
15.8
-1.4
First Base
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Nate Colbert
15.6
15.7
-1.9
Ivan Murrell
2.7
2.0
0.4
Dave 'Soup' Campbell
0.1
0.1
-0.0
Dave Winfield
0.0
0.0
0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
18.4
17.7
-1.5
Second Base
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Rich Morales
6.0
7.9
-1.9
Derrel Thomas
3.1
4.6
-1.5
Dave 'Soup' Campbell
2.1
3.0
-0.9
Dave Hilton
1.5
2.7
-1.2
Dave W. Roberts
0.7
1.2
-0.6
Don Mason
0.0
0.0
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
13.3
19.6
-6.0
Third Base
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Dave W. Roberts
14.2
13.6
-0.1
Dave Hilton
4.1
5.0
-1.1
Dwain Anderson
0.3
0.8
-0.4
Dave 'Soup' Campbell
0.2
0.2
0.0
Johnny Grubb
0.0
0.0
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
18.9
19.6
-1.6
Shortstop
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Derrel Thomas
7.3
10.0
-2.0
Enzo Hernandez
6.0
8.7
-2.0
Dwain Anderson
2.2
3.6
-1.1
Rich Morales
0.6
1.0
-0.3
------
------
------
TOTAL
16.1
23.3
-5.5
Left Field
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Leron Lee
8.0
10.3
-3.0
Gene Locklear
5.0
4.8
-0.2
Dave Winfield
3.7
4.0
-0.7
Jerry Morales
3.4
2.9
0.2
Ivan Murrell
0.3
0.7
-0.5
Cito Gaston
0.3
0.2
0.1
Johnny Grubb
0.0
0.0
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
20.6
22.8
-4.0
Center Field
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Johnny Grubb
12.4
11.2
0.6
Jerry Morales
5.1
7.4
-2.7
Ivan Murrell
1.9
2.0
-0.3
Dave Winfield
0.2
0.2
0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
19.6
20.8
-2.4
Right Field
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Cito Gaston
14.8
17.9
-4.4
Jerry Morales
2.7
3.2
-0.7
Leron Lee
1.2
1.5
-0.4
Dave Marshall
1.0
1.1
-0.2
Ivan Murrell
0.5
0.5
-0.1
------
------
------
TOTAL
20.2
24.2
-5.8
Designated Hitter
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
------
------
------
TOTAL
0.0
0.0
0.0
Pinch Hitter
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Gene Locklear
0.9
1.1
-0.2
Leron Lee
1.0
0.8
0.3
Jerry Morales
1.3
0.5
0.8
Ivan Murrell
0.4
1.0
-0.5
Dave Marshall
0.3
0.7
-0.4
Dave Winfield
0.4
0.4
0.0
Cito Gaston
0.4
0.2
0.2
Johnny Grubb
0.3
0.3
-0.0
Dwain Anderson
0.2
0.3
-0.1
Fred Kendall
0.1
0.2
-0.1
Don Mason
0.0
0.3
-0.2
Dave W. Roberts
0.1
0.2
-0.1
Derrel Thomas
0.1
0.1
-0.0
Pat Corrales
0.0
0.1
-0.1
Dave 'Soup' Campbell
0.0
0.1
-0.1
Enzo Hernandez
0.0
0.1
-0.1
Nate Colbert
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Rich Morales
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Mike Corkins
0.0
0.0
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
5.6
6.6
-0.5
Pinch Runner
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Dwain Anderson
0.1
0.0
0.0
Johnny Grubb
0.0
0.1
-0.1
Ivan Murrell
0.1
0.0
0.0
Derrel Thomas
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Mike Caldwell
0.0
0.0
0.0
Enzo Hernandez
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Don Mason
0.0
0.0
0.0
Clay Kirby
0.0
0.0
0.0
Jerry Morales
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Rich Morales
0.0
0.0
0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
0.1
0.1
0.0
Pitcher Offense
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Steve Arlin
1.0
1.4
0.3
Bill Greif
0.7
1.4
-0.1
Clay Kirby
0.6
1.4
-0.2
Rich Troedson
0.5
1.1
-0.1
Randy Jones
0.3
0.9
-0.1
Mike Caldwell
0.3
0.9
-0.2
Mike Corkins
0.6
0.6
0.3
Fred Norman
0.3
0.5
0.1
Vicente Romo
0.1
0.4
-0.1
Gary Ross
0.0
0.1
-0.0
Bob L. Miller
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Frank Snook
0.0
0.0
-0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
4.4
8.7
-0.3
Starting Pitching
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Clay Kirby
10.4
14.4
-3.9
Bill Greif
11.0
12.3
-1.2
Steve Arlin
10.8
12.4
-1.5
Randy Jones
7.1
7.2
-0.0
Rich Troedson
5.8
6.5
-0.6
Mike Caldwell
4.0
5.8
-1.7
Fred Norman
3.4
5.3
-1.9
Mike Corkins
3.0
4.1
-1.1
Vicente Romo
0.2
0.5
-0.3
------
------
------
TOTAL
55.8
68.5
-12.2
Relief Pitching
Player
pWins
pLosses
pWOPA
Vicente Romo
4.7
3.8
0.8
Mike Caldwell
4.2
3.0
1.1
Mike Corkins
2.8
3.6
-0.9
Gary Ross
1.3
2.5
-1.3
Rich Troedson
0.7
1.1
-0.4
Steve Arlin
0.5
0.6
-0.1
Bob L. Miller
0.3
0.6
-0.3
Frank Snook
0.3
0.6
-0.4
Clay Kirby
0.2
0.4
-0.2
Bill Greif
0.2
0.0
0.2
Randy Jones
0.0
0.0
-0.0
Fred Norman
0.0
0.0
0.0
------
------
------
TOTAL
15.0
16.3
-1.7
Team pWins over Positional Average by Position
P
C
1B
2B
3B
SS
LF
CF
RF
Oth
1973 San Diego Padres
-14.2
-1.4
-1.5
-6.0
-1.6
-5.5
-4.0
-2.4
-5.8
-0.5
*
Player won-loss records are calculated using Retrosheet play-by-play data. For some seasons, Retrosheet does not have full play-by-play data for all games. In these cases, some games may be missing.
The number of Games shown here are the number of games for which Retrosheet play-by-play data exist and were used in these calculations.
Home